Server parts

One, server CPU 1. Single and dual channels: easy to understand, that is, one CPU or two CPUs can be used, the one that can be used is single-channel, and the two that can be connected is dual-channel. 2. Single and dual cores: Single and dual cores are generally a bit vague. Because hyperthreading is involved, there are often two types of real cores and virtual cores. However, there are few single-core server CPUs now, because they are all six cores. Eight-core and twelve-core. Two, server memory First of all, not all memory can be used casually. The memory is divided into three generations according to the update. According to its specifications, there are pure ECC, ECC REGS and FBD. First of all, only the motherboard and CPU can be considered. In general, the most common is that most of the 5400 and below series use DDR2 FBD memory. Now the mainstream 5500 and 5600 series mostly use DDR3 ECC REGS memory. For more details, please add Baidu to have a detailed exchange. 3. Se

What cpu is good for the server? CPU, also known as a central processing unit, is the computing core and controls core of a computer. At present, the mainstream CPU brands on the market include Intel, AMD, IBM, Cyrix, IDT, VIA, and domestic Loongson. Intel is the big brother in the production of CPUs, it occupies more than 80% of the market share, and the CPU produced by Intel has become the de facto x86CPU technical specifications and standards. The latest Core series has also become the first choice for CPU. When the server is rented, some merchants will mark their CPU configuration, and some will not. It is best to choose a service provider whose configuration is clearly marked. Otherwise, the merchant will cover up and charge it as a shoddy. Then the server will have more problems in the later operation. For example, Western Digital's independent server, the processor clearly pointed out that there are dual-core Core E5700/G620/E5500, Xeon E5-2609V4 1.7G octa-core 15M QPI

The new AMD SP3 slot is also called SoC due to its integration with traditional South Bridge chipsets such as SATA controllers. Of course, the specific motherboard design can also be used to connect the southbridge PCIe. I'm writing this in large part because Of my March essay on "The Ideals and Realities of Going Beyond Xeon? AMD's Naples Server." At that time, the EPYC released in the past two days was not well understood, and it simply compared AMD's new-generation CPU with Intel Xeon (QPI/UPI) interconnection bandwidth and other aspects on paper. An old friend also left a message at the bottom of the article. After seeing more information today, I can finally make an answer, and further discuss the communication efficiency of EPYC processor between slots and cores, not just the Numbers on paper :) AMD PPT ulus? Is Die connection 4 or 6 In the above picture, for the convenience of the WeChat article, I have cut a part of the PPT from the foreign website,

Can domestic ARM CPUs shorten the gap with the frontiers of the industry? In this article, an inventory of existing ARM CPU products in the industry has been made. Unfortunately, this article missed an important enterprise of ARM server CPU : Ampere Computing. (Ampere is hardly used in China, so it was not added when comparing domestic and foreign ARM Server CPUs .) And just recently, Ampere updated its ARM CPU Roadmap, clarifying the next generation of ARM server CPUs that will be launched. The specifications and characteristics. Ampere was founded by former Intel President Renee James and invested by The Carlyle Group. Ampere purchased AppliedMicro's X-Gene ARM-based server assets in early 2018 and began to provide eMAG series processors in October of the same year. The first-generation eMAG ARM processor is based on the X-Gene II platform and has been optimized. It adopts the ARM v8.0 architecture, uses TSMC 16nm process technology, has 32 cores, and runs at 3.3 GHz. Since Int

Before the end of this year, AMD and Intel will have a batch of new CPU products to be released, such as the Red Army’s 12nm Ryzen APU (Ryzen 7 2800H, etc.), and the Blue Army Intel’s side is the new 9th generation Core and Cascade Lake architecture. Xeon. By next year, the fierce battle between AMD and Intel will continue to run through the consumer and enterprise levels. Compared to the past two years, it will be even worse. Youtube technology channel AdoredTV broke the news that AMD and Intel’s server product core numbers will double next year, that is, the 7nm EPYC 2 (code-name Rome) will be upgraded to 64 cores. There are a total of 9 Die in the chip, of which 1 is IO, and the other 8 Each Die is enabled, forming an 8x8 64 core. The roadmap for the Intel Xeon server CPU is Cascade Lake in 2018, Cooper Lake in 2019, and 10nm Ice Lake in 2020. The current Xeon Scalable is up to 28 cores. It is reported that Cooper Lake will be upgraded to 3 Dies, of which two 28 cores form 56

A few days ago, American semiconductor manufacturer Qualcomm finally revealed its long-term expected server CPU specifications based on the ARM architecture. The Centriq 2400 system can deploy 64 CPU cores instead of the 24 CPU cores previously reported. This is the industry's first server chip based on the 10nm process, and its technology can pack more transistors on each chip. Qualcomm will provide general products to some customers in the second half of 2017. Qualcomm hopes that the Centriq series will allow it to break Intel's monopoly in data centers and make ARM-based CPUs a viable choice for high-end computing servers. Anand Chandrasekher, senior vice president and general manager of Qualcomm's data center technology, said: "Qualcomm's Centriq 2400 series processors will drive high-performance, high-efficiency ARM-based servers from concept to reality." Qualcomm's ARM-based processors consume less power and cooling capacity than Intel&

According to Weng Shutting, an analyst at DIGITIMES Research, under the demand for high-speed computing, the trend of collaborative computing between server CPU and GPU will accelerate open high-speed interconnection interfaces such as NVLink, CCIX (Cache Coherent Interconnect for Accelerators), CXL (Computer Express Link), and Gen-Z The development of the ecosystem has also driven the competition of high-speed interconnection interface standards among the three major server chip manufacturers of Intel (Intel), AMD and NVIDIA. Among them, NVIDIA's NVLink is still limited in the development of CPU interconnection, and the super-powerful Infinity Architecture (Gen-Z) will become the key to maximizing the synergy of its CPU and GPU product lines, while Intel-led CXL Grow fast. Weng Shutting said that observing the Intel, Chaowei and NVIDIA server CPU and GPU product lines, the industry also focuses on the innovation of high-speed interconnect interfaces in order to improve the

I received a strange request today. Because the superiors wanted to check and said that the server CPU usage is too low, it will make the leaders feel that the system application range is not wide enough, so we need to increase the server CPU usage when the leader inspects. It’s quite common to optimize memory and CPU usage. Suddenly, I need to make the CPU higher, so I have no experience. Now I try to run a few more services, but the service does take up part of the CPU when it starts. After it stabilizes, the occupancy is very low again. So I searched the Internet for a method, and it really didn't match up. With a flash of inspiration, let the computer continue to calculate, right? The best way to achieve this effect is to calculate the pi. Immediately, find the command echo "scale=5000;4*a(1)" | bc -l -q, which means to calculate the 5000 digits behind the pi. If there is no bc command yum -y install bc, it will do. The bc command is an operation command.

Problem background Yesterday afternoon, I suddenly received an operation and maintenance email alert. It showed that the CPU utilization rate of the data platform server reached 98.94%, and it has been continuously above 70% in the recent period. It seems that hardware resources have reached the bottleneck and need to be expanded, but careful thinking will I found that our business system is not a high concurrency or CPU-intensive application. The utilization rate is a bit too exaggerated. The hardware bottleneck should not arrive so soon. There must be a problem with the business code logic. 1. Check ideas 1.1 Locate high-load processes First, log in to the server and use the top command to confirm the specific situation of the server, and then analyze and judge according to the specific situation. By observing the load average and the load evaluation standard (8 cores), you can confirm that the server has a high load; Observing the resource usage of each process, it

On March 4, 2020, Ampere Computing announced the launch of a new generation of Altra processors, and also stated that it is also the first cloud-native CPU to be used in a new generation of cloud and edge computing data centers. The Altra processor is manufactured using TSMC’s 7-nanometer FinFET process, with as many as 80 custom cores based on the ARM architecture embedded inside. The core uses a single-core single-threaded design and consumes 210W. A Shengpei said that the Altra processor will provide breakthrough energy efficiency improvements for the rapidly developing frontier technology fields such as data analysis, artificial intelligence, databases, data storage, telecom stacks, edge computing, web hosts and cloud-native applications. For more than 10 years, Intel has been almost the only CPU supplier in the global server market. Many companies, including Qualcomm, Broadcom, Nvidia, Marvell, and Huawei, have tried to enter, but most of them have failed. Does A

Researchers at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam published a report on this Wednesday (September 10), referring to a potential security vulnerability in Intel's server CPU , which they call NetCat. The vulnerability relies on the two technologies of Intel server CPUs , Direct Data Transfer Technology (DDIO) and Remote Direct Data Access (RDMA). By launching a Side-channel attack, it can infer what the CPU is currently doing. According to researchers, AMD's CPU will not be affected by the vulnerability. Intel stated in a security bulletin that NetCat affects server CPUs that support DDIO and RDMA, such as E5, E7, and expandable (SP) CPUs. A low-level problem of DDIO is the culprit of the side letter attack, and DDIO has been enabled by default on Xeon CPUs since 2012. A researcher at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam said that RDMA allows hackers to "precisely control the relative memory location of network packets on the target server." NetCat can remotely leak

Benchmark configuration and method An MCT mentor conducted a test on EPYC 7601, Skylake, and Cascade Lake machines. Except for the EPYC 7742 server running Ubuntu 19.04, all tests were performed on Ubuntu server 18.04 LTS. Because 19.04 has verified support for Rome, and there are two weeks of testing time. Linux kernel 4.19 and higher versions support Rome (including X2APIC/IOMMU patch, using 256 threads). The server configuration of this test is different, and the capacity of the dynamic random access memory is also different. This is of course because Xeons has six memory channels, while EPYC processors have eight channels. All the tests this time are suitable for 128 GB, so the capacity of dynamic random access memory should not have much impact on performance. AMD Daytona-Dual EPYC 7742 AMD provided a "Daytona XT" server, which is a reference platform built by ODM Quanta (D52BQ-2U). Although the 225W TDP CPU requires an additional heat sink and heat sink, it ca

The CPU (Central Processing Unit, central processing unit) is the "brain" of the machine, the "commander-in-chief" who completes layout strategies, issues orders, and controls actions. The structure of the CPU mainly includes an arithmetic unit (ALU, Arithmetic and Logic Unit), a control unit (CU, Control Unit), a register (Register), a cache (Cache) and a bus for communicating data, control and status between them. GPU (Graphics Processing Unit, Chinese for graphics processing unit), just like its name, GPU was originally used in personal computers, workstations, game consoles and some mobile devices (such as tablets, smartphones, etc.) to run graphics computing work on the microprocessor. The reason why CPU and GPU are quite different is due to their different design goals. They are aimed at two different application scenarios. The CPU needs strong versatility to process various data types, and at the same time it requires logical judgment and introduces a l

The term CPU is not unfamiliar to everyone. Its Chinese name is the central processing unit. In terms of physical structure, CPU mainly includes arithmetic logic components, register components and control components. The CPUs that are easier to touch in our daily lives are mobile phones and PC devices. With the advent of the era of big data and cloud computing, the server, a logistics pacesetter, also carries more arduous network work. In the simplest terms, a server is a computer with a super performance. Its hardware composition is no different from that of a PC. It has a CPU, memory, and hard disk. The difference is that the server uses more technology and capacity on this hardware. To meet its application requirements. So, on the CPU alone, what is the difference between a server and a computer? CPU: Server Xeon on the left, PC Core on the right First of all, we first understand the CPU, whether it is a PC or a server, its performance is directly related to the CPU, and

Through performance monitoring, it is found that the CPU occupancy rate of a certain core of the online server has reached 100%, and it is caused by one of our core services. Fortunately, because our service process is borne by multiple identical workers (threads), apart from the high CPU usage, there is no impact on the service. With the last time we found the criminal who eats IO, this time we are going to hunt down the secret agents lurking in the group, which is even more thrilling! System environment System environment It is easy to locate who is consuming the highest CPU with the top command. The top command locates the highest CPU process Take our business process (imDevServer) as an example, why is it said that this product is a lurker? Because this is a multi-threaded process, we need to know that the smallest unit that actually occupies the cpu is the thread, so it must be caused by one or several of the threads that occupy the CPU too high. Then use the top -H

Although SPEC2006 may have been replaced by SPEC2017, we have accumulated a lot of experience with SPEC2006. Considering the problems we encountered in the data center infrastructure, this is our best choice for the first round of raw performance analysis. Single-threaded performance is still very important, especially in maintenance and setup situations. In many cases, it may be running a large bash script, trying a very complex SQL query, or configuring new software, and the user does not use all the kernels at all. Although SPEC CPU2006 is more oriented towards high-performance computing and workstations, it contains a wide variety of integer workloads. We firmly believe that we should try to imitate how performance-critical software is compiled instead of trying to get the highest score. To this end, we: Use 64-bit GCC: Currently the most commonly used compiler on Linux, for integer workloads, a very good comprehensive compiler, it will not try to "break" benchmar

The server needs to be accessed by thousands of people, so this requires the server to have a large amount of data fast throughput, super stability, and long-running ability. The CPU is the brain of the computer. It is the same on the server. It is a measure of The primary indicator of server performance. At present, the CPU of a server is still distinguished by the instruction system of the CPU, which is usually divided into a CISC CPU and a RISC CPU, and a CPU with a 64-bit VLIM instruction system. Server CPU Because of the working environment, the design of the server CPU is based on the premise that it can run in years and months as the time unit. It supports multi-channel interconnection, which means that a machine can install multiple CPUs. This operation is performed on consumer-grade CPUs. Impossible to achieve, the interface is not as single as the consumer level. But in terms of gaming experience, server CPU is not as good as desktop CPU, because of its core frequenc

1. Different cache The cache also determines the performance of the CPU. Because the server CPU has high requirements for computing performance, the server CPU often applies the most advanced technology and technology, and is equipped with one, two, and three levels of cache, which makes it more powerful. The server CPU has long used the level 3 cache. Ordinary CPUs have only used caching technology in recent years. 2. Different interfaces Server CPU and ordinary CPU interfaces are often different. At present, server CPU interfaces are mostly Socket 771, Socket 775, LGA 2011, LGA 1150. Compared with ordinary CPU interfaces, although many of them are the same, the motherboards are actually different. The motherboards equipped with server CPUs usually do not have graphics card slots, because the core graphics cards that come with the CPU can meet the demand, and the CPU bus bandwidth is higher than that of home CPUs. 3. Different stability requirements The server CPU exi

Perhaps one of the more interesting CPUs in the embedded server space today is the Intel Xeon E3-1585 V5 . A few months ago we benchmarked the Intel Xeon E3-1515M V5. That chip was a low power version of the Intel Xeon E3-1500 V5 platform. The Intel Xeon E3-1585 V5 is a result of a modest power bump, to a 65W TDP. That also means that base clocks are greatly increased. Although it is a 4 core / 8 thread CPU, the base clock is 3.5GHz. That clock speed means that it is able to punch above its weight when it comes to performance. This chip was a pleasant surprise in terms of CPU performance. What separates the E3-1500 from the E3-1200 series is the GPU. The E3-1500 series uses Iris Pro graphics. When combined with technologies like GVT-g, this provides a powerful virtual desktop solution. We are going to be focusing today’s review on the CPU performance, but this is certainly a chip where the key feature is the GPU side and the (extremely) attractive licensing for using Intel as a VD